Timeline for Establishment of Agencies
FDA The 1906 Food and Drug Act did not provide for an independent enforcement agency. Such an agency was formed in 1927 and renamed as the Food and Drug Administration in 1931 (see History of Food Regulation). The FDA Modernization Act of 1997 streamlined this agency. According to Dr. Frank Lu: Lehman and Fitzhugh of FDA began quantitative" risk assessment in 1954 by proposing a '100-fold margin of safety'.
NCI 1937
NCI was established by Congress in 1937, and its programs were intensified in 1971 after passage of the National Cancer Act.
WHO 1948
WHO and the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) initiated actions to assess the safety of chemicals in foods in the early 1950s.
IARC 1965
This agency is part of WHO and supports international cancer research.
EPA 1970
Environmental Protection Agency
OSHA 1970
OSHA is in the Dept. of Labor and is responsible for developing and enforcing workplace safety and health regulations.
NIOSH 1970
NIOSH is in the Dept. of Health and Human Services and is responsible for research and training in the field of occupational safety and health.
CPSC 1972
Consumer Product Safety Commission
NTP 1978
National Toxicology Program
ATSDR 1980
ATSDR is the lead agency within the Public Health Service for implementing health-related provisions of CRCLA (Superfund).
Committee on Institutional Means for Assessment of Public Health Risks, Nat. Research Council, National Academy of Sciences (1981-1983): Risk Assessment in Federal Government: Managing the Process ("Red Book") |